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CPE-004 · synthetic case IRON-FX-04

Iron-deficiency anemia after menopause

A 67-year-old woman, postmenopausal, Hb 10.6, ferritin 11.

Synthetic · no real patientAuthored by Biod · reviewed by Dr. AmaralIron engine v1.0.0

Purpose: A 67-year-old woman, postmenopausal, Hb 10.6, ferritin 11.

Inputs the engine received

Iron studies

Ferritin
11 ng/mL

CBC

Hemoglobin
10.6 g/dL
MCV
79 fL

Patient

Age
67 years
Sex
Female
Postmenopausal
Yes

What the engine reports

Priority

Gastrointestinal evaluation to consider

ID-GI-01

Iron-deficiency anemia in a postmenopausal woman needs a gastrointestinal source considered. AGA 2020 suggests bidirectional endoscopy for asymptomatic men and postmenopausal women. The evaluation is the physician's decision.

Detected clinical pattern

Biochemical Pattern Compatible with Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Anemia (Hb 10.6 g/dL) with an iron-deficiency criterion met. The cause still has to be found.

  • Anemia: Anemia (Hb 10.6 g/dL)
  • Stage: Stage 3 · anemia

Why this pattern was identified

  • Ferritin below 15 ng/mL. Ferritin 11 ng/mL meets the WHO criterion for iron deficiency.
  • Supportive indices. MCV 79 fL are consistent with iron-limited red-cell production.

Recommended next steps

For physician consideration. Urgent review always comes first.

  1. 1Consider bidirectional endoscopy and review colorectal cancer screening status (AGA 2020).Men and postmenopausal women with iron-deficiency anemia.
  2. 2Establish the source: menstrual loss, gastrointestinal loss, diet or malabsorption.Iron-deficiency anemia is a finding with a cause to find.
  3. 3Consider celiac serology (tissue transglutaminase IgA with total IgA) and H. pylori testing.AGA 2020; ACG 2023.

Differentials, pitfalls and contradicting signals

  • Iron deficiency: low ferritin or low transferrin saturation with high RDW.
Evidence and rule trace · 6 rules

ID-ST-01Iron stores depleted (ferritin below 15)

Inputs: ferritin 11 ng/mL

Iron stores depleted: absolute iron-deficiency criterion met (WHO).

ID-AN-01Anemia present by WHO thresholds

Inputs: hemoglobin 10.6 g/dL (<12)

Anemia by WHO hemoglobin thresholds.

ID-11Iron-deficiency anemia pattern

Inputs: hemoglobin 10.6 g/dL · ferritin 11 ng/mL · MCV 79 fL

Biochemical pattern compatible with iron-deficiency anemia (stage 3).

ID-14Microcytic anemia differential

Inputs: MCV 79 fL · hemoglobin 10.6 g/dL

Microcytic anemia differential compared.

ID-GI-01Gastrointestinal evaluation: men and postmenopausal women

Inputs: postmenopausal woman · iron-deficiency anemia pattern

Priority review: gastrointestinal source to be considered.

ID-CEL-01Celiac and H. pylori consideration

Inputs: iron-deficiency anemia pattern · celiac serology not documented

Consider celiac serology and H. pylori testing.

Evidence

  • EV-WHO-FERR-2020 · World Health Organization. WHO guideline on use of ferritin concentrations to assess iron status in individuals and populations. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
  • EV-WHO-HB-2011 · World Health Organization. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Geneva: WHO; 2011.
  • EV-AGA-2020 · Ko CW, Siddique SM, Patel A, et al. AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Gastroenterology. 2020;159(3):1085-1094.
  • EV-CAMASCHELLA-2015 · Camaschella C. Iron-deficiency anemia. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(19):1832-1843.
  • EV-LOPEZ-2016 · Lopez A, Cacoub P, Macdougall IC, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Iron deficiency anaemia. Lancet. 2016;387(10021):907-916.
  • EV-ACG-CELIAC-2023 · Rubio-Tapia A, Hill ID, Semrad C, et al. American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines Update: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023;118(1):59-76.
  • EV-MENTZER-1973 · Mentzer WC Jr. Differentiation of iron deficiency from thalassaemia trait. Lancet. 1973;1(7808):882.

Physician adjudication required. Clinical decision support for physician review. This output identifies laboratory patterns and safety considerations. It does not diagnose, find a cause, or select an iron product, dose or route. Physician adjudication is required.

Change the values

The same engine, starting from this case. Change any value and watch the pattern and the rule trace react.

Stage of iron deficiency

  1. ✓ 1 · Stores depleted

    Low ferritin, normal CBC

  2. ✓ 2 · Iron-deficient erythropoiesis

    Low TSAT or reticulocyte Hb, Hb still normal

  3. ● 3 · Anemia

    Hemoglobin below the WHO threshold

Against typical reference intervals

Ferritin11 ng/mL · below reference
ref 30300
MCV79 fL · below reference
ref 80100
Iron studiesDrag or type
  • <15 depleted
  • 15–29 low
  • 30–44 borderline
  • 45–299
  • 300–999 high
  • >1000 very high

Calculated from iron ÷ TIBC when both are entered.

Above 5 mg/L the engine reads ferritin as inflammation-affected.

CBC
  • <7 severe
  • 7–11.9 anemia range
  • 12–12.9 (men <13)
  • ≥13
Patient
Sex
Symptoms and findings
Conditions and risk groups
Work-up and treatment context

Live result · computed in your browser

Priority

Gastrointestinal evaluation to consider

ID-GI-01

Iron-deficiency anemia in a postmenopausal woman needs a gastrointestinal source considered. AGA 2020 suggests bidirectional endoscopy for asymptomatic men and postmenopausal women. The evaluation is the physician's decision.

Detected clinical pattern

Biochemical Pattern Compatible with Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Anemia (Hb 10.6 g/dL) with an iron-deficiency criterion met. The cause still has to be found.

  • Anemia: Anemia (Hb 10.6 g/dL)
  • Stage: Stage 3 · anemia

Why this pattern was identified

  • Ferritin below 15 ng/mL. Ferritin 11 ng/mL meets the WHO criterion for iron deficiency.
  • Supportive indices. MCV 79 fL are consistent with iron-limited red-cell production.

Recommended next steps

For physician consideration. Urgent review always comes first.

  1. 1Consider bidirectional endoscopy and review colorectal cancer screening status (AGA 2020).Men and postmenopausal women with iron-deficiency anemia.
  2. 2Establish the source: menstrual loss, gastrointestinal loss, diet or malabsorption.Iron-deficiency anemia is a finding with a cause to find.
  3. 3Consider celiac serology (tissue transglutaminase IgA with total IgA) and H. pylori testing.AGA 2020; ACG 2023.

Differentials, pitfalls and contradicting signals

  • Iron deficiency: low ferritin or low transferrin saturation with high RDW.
Evidence and rule trace · 6 rules

ID-ST-01Iron stores depleted (ferritin below 15)

Inputs: ferritin 11 ng/mL

Iron stores depleted: absolute iron-deficiency criterion met (WHO).

ID-AN-01Anemia present by WHO thresholds

Inputs: hemoglobin 10.6 g/dL (<12)

Anemia by WHO hemoglobin thresholds.

ID-11Iron-deficiency anemia pattern

Inputs: hemoglobin 10.6 g/dL · ferritin 11 ng/mL · MCV 79 fL

Biochemical pattern compatible with iron-deficiency anemia (stage 3).

ID-14Microcytic anemia differential

Inputs: MCV 79 fL · hemoglobin 10.6 g/dL

Microcytic anemia differential compared.

ID-GI-01Gastrointestinal evaluation: men and postmenopausal women

Inputs: postmenopausal woman · iron-deficiency anemia pattern

Priority review: gastrointestinal source to be considered.

ID-CEL-01Celiac and H. pylori consideration

Inputs: iron-deficiency anemia pattern · celiac serology not documented

Consider celiac serology and H. pylori testing.

Evidence

  • EV-WHO-FERR-2020 · World Health Organization. WHO guideline on use of ferritin concentrations to assess iron status in individuals and populations. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
  • EV-WHO-HB-2011 · World Health Organization. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Geneva: WHO; 2011.
  • EV-AGA-2020 · Ko CW, Siddique SM, Patel A, et al. AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Gastroenterology. 2020;159(3):1085-1094.
  • EV-CAMASCHELLA-2015 · Camaschella C. Iron-deficiency anemia. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(19):1832-1843.
  • EV-LOPEZ-2016 · Lopez A, Cacoub P, Macdougall IC, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Iron deficiency anaemia. Lancet. 2016;387(10021):907-916.
  • EV-ACG-CELIAC-2023 · Rubio-Tapia A, Hill ID, Semrad C, et al. American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines Update: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023;118(1):59-76.
  • EV-MENTZER-1973 · Mentzer WC Jr. Differentiation of iron deficiency from thalassaemia trait. Lancet. 1973;1(7808):882.

Physician adjudication required. Clinical decision support for physician review. This output identifies laboratory patterns and safety considerations. It does not diagnose, find a cause, or select an iron product, dose or route. Physician adjudication is required.

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