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CPE-006 · synthetic case TESTO-FX-23
Primary pattern with Klinefelter features
Small testes and tall stature.
Purpose: Small testes and tall stature.
Inputs the engine received
Testosterone and hormones
- Total testosterone, sample 1
- 150 ng/dL
- Total testosterone, sample 2 (separate day)
- 140 ng/dL
- SHBG
- 50 nmol/L
- LH
- 28 IU/L
- FSH
- 45 IU/L
- Prolactin
- 8 ng/mL
Symptoms and findings
- Age
- 28 years
- Infertility
- Yes
- Small testes
- Yes
- Tall stature
- Yes
What the engine reports
Detected clinical pattern
Criteria for Testosterone Deficiency Met
Symptoms with low total testosterone on two samples (150 and 140 ng/dL). Primary pattern. The cause still has to be found.
- Axis: Primary (hypergonadotropic) pattern
Why this pattern was identified
- Low testosterone on two samples. 150 and 140 ng/dL are both below 300 ng/dL (AUA). With compatible symptoms, the criteria for testosterone deficiency are met.
- Primary pattern. LH 28 and FSH 45 IU/L are above the upper limit with low testosterone: the testes are the likely site.
Calculations
- Calculated free testosterone (Vermeulen)
- 2.1 ng/dL
No threshold is applied: cutoffs are assay-specific.
Recommended next steps
For physician consideration. Urgent review always comes first.
- 1Consider a karyotype for Klinefelter syndrome.
Evidence and rule trace · 4 rules
HG-CALC-01Calculated free testosterone
Inputs: total testosterone 150 ng/dL · SHBG 50 nmol/L · albumin 4.3 g/dL
Calculated free testosterone 2.1 ng/dL.
HG-03Low testosterone confirmed on two samples
Inputs: 150 ng/dL · 140 ng/dL
Biochemically low testosterone on two samples.
HG-05Primary (hypergonadotropic) pattern
Inputs: LH 28 IU/L · FSH 45 IU/L · total testosterone 150 ng/dL
Pattern of primary testicular failure.
HG-09Possible chromosomal cause
Inputs: primary pattern · small testes, tall stature
Consider karyotype for Klinefelter syndrome.
Evidence
- EV-ES-TRT-2018 · Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, et al. Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(5):1715-1744.
- EV-AUA-2018 · Mulhall JP, Trost LW, Brannigan RE, et al. Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline. J Urol. 2018;200(2):423-432.
- EV-TRAVISON-2017 · Travison TG, Vesper HW, Orwoll E, et al. Harmonized reference ranges for circulating testosterone levels in men of four cohort studies in the United States and Europe. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(4):1161-1173.
- EV-VERMEULEN-1999 · Vermeulen A, Verdonck L, Kaufman JM. A critical evaluation of simple methods for the estimation of free testosterone in serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(10):3666-3672.
Physician adjudication required. Clinical decision support for physician review. This output identifies laboratory patterns and cautions. It does not diagnose, find the cause, or recommend starting, stopping or dosing testosterone therapy. Physician adjudication is required.
Change the values
The same engine, starting from this case. Change any value and watch the pattern and the rule trace react.
Against typical adult male reference intervals
Testosterone and hormones
- <264
- 264–299
- 300–350 borderline
- >350
4.3 g/dL is assumed when left empty.
Symptoms and findings
Possible reversible contributors
Testosterone therapy context
More testosterone cases
TESTO-FX-01
Low libido and erectile dysfunction, testosterone never measured
A 48-year-old with sexual symptoms and fatigue.
TESTO-FX-02
One low testosterone
Total testosterone 218 ng/dL on a single morning sample.
TESTO-FX-03
Low on two samples with a primary pattern
Testosterone 205 and 190 with LH 22 and FSH 31.
TESTO-FX-04
Secondary pattern with obesity and diabetes
LH 1.2 and FSH 2.0 with BMI 36.
TESTO-FX-05
Raised prolactin with low testosterone
Prolactin 95 ng/mL.
TESTO-FX-06
Headache, visual field loss and prolactin 310
Possible pituitary mass effect.
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